Volume 7, Issue 3 (9-2022)                   IJREE 2022, 7(3): 16-31 | Back to browse issues page


XML Persian Abstract Print


Download citation:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:

Moradi B. Intervention in EFL Learners’ Reading Comprehension, Motivation, and Anxiety: A Team-Based Multi-Strategy Instruction. IJREE 2022; 7 (3)
URL: http://ijreeonline.com/article-1-673-en.html
Department of English Language and Literature, Literature and Foreign Languages, Allameh Tabataba’i University, Tehran, Iran
Abstract:   (2457 Views)
Reading education and reading affective factors significantly affect school-age students’ academic achievement. Nevertheless, most teachers disregard scientific strategy-based reading instructions and scholars have recently regarded L2 reading affective factors, namely reading motivation and anxiety. Moreover, technology-aided EFL reading courses for primary schoolers have been neglected. Accordingly, the current study aimed to implement seven L2 reading strategies suggested by Yapp et al. (2021a), and evaluate the effect of these strategies on English reading comprehension, motivation, and anxiety at virtual environment by using online team-teaching. The EFL fifth graders and pre-service teachers of the study were selected via volunteer sampling. The students (n = 28) were randomly assigned to two groups (n = 14 for each group) and the teachers (n = 4) were randomly assigned to two groups (n = 2 for each group) as well. One group was given Traditional Instruction (TI) and taught by two instructors whereas the other group received Strategy-Based Instruction (SBI) and was taught by the other two instructors. To assess L2 reading motivation and anxiety, the questionnaires by Dhanapala (2008) and Saito et al. (1999) were administered. The within- and between-group analyses using paired-sample t-tests and ANCOVAs indicated that although both groups’ reading comprehension, motivation, and anxiety were enhanced, the SBI participants outperformed the TI participants. Moreover, the interview with the SBI group demonstrated their positive attitudes toward the SBI course. The current study would encourage EFL teachers to base reading instruction upon reading strategies when teaching young EFL learners.


 
Full-Text [PDF 519 kb]   (442 Downloads)    
Type of Study: Research | Subject: General

References
1. Afflerbach, P., Pearson, P, D., & Paris, S. G. (2008). Clarifying differences between reading skills and reading strategies. The Reading Teacher, 61(5), 364-373. [DOI:10.1598/RT.61.5.1]
2. Afflerbach, P., & Cho, B. (2009). Identifying and describing constructively responsive comprehension strategies in new and traditional forms of reading. In S. E. Israel, G. G. Duffy (Eds.), Handbook of research on reading comprehension (pp. 69-90). Routledge.
3. Afflerbach, P., Cho, B., Kim, J., Crassas, M. E., & Doyle, B. (2013). Reading: What else matters besides strategies and skills? The Reading Teacher, 66(6), 440-448. [DOI:10.1002/TRTR.1146]
4. Afflerbach, P., Pearson, P. D., & Paris, S. (2017). Skills and strategies: Their differences, their relationships, and why they matter. In K. Mokhtari (Ed.), Improving reading comprehension through meta-cognitive reading strategies instruction (pp. 33-49). Rowman & Littlefield.
5. Akbari, H., Ghonsooly, B., Ghazanfari, M., & Ghapanchi, Z. (2019). Enriching the construct structure of L2 reading motivation: Learners' attitudes in focus. Reading Psychology, 40(4), 371-395. [DOI:10.1080/02702711.2019.1614126]
6. Allen, D., & Bir, B. (2012). Academic confidence and summer bridge learning communities: Path analytic linkages to student persistence. Journal of College Student Retention: Research, Theory, and Practice, 13(4), 519-548. [DOI:10.2190/CS.13.4.f]
7. Alsamadani, H. A. (2009). The relationship between Saudi EFL college-level students' use of reading strategies and their EFL reading comprehension. [Unpolished Doctoral Thesis]. USA.
8. Amirabadi, Y., & Biria, R. (2016). Cultivating critical thinking and problem solving in senior translation students reading comprehension through scaffolding and self-regulation. Journal of Global Research in Education and Social Science, 7(3), 75-93. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/294219850_Cultivating_Critical_Thinking_and_Problem_Solving_in_Senior_Students%27_Reading_Comprehension_through_Scaffolding_and_Self-_Regulation
9. Artlet, C., & Dorflet, T. (2010). Promoting reading literacy as a task for all participants. In Bavarian state ministry for education and culture and state institute for school quality and educational research (Ed.), Proread. On the way to reading school-reading promotion in social science participants (pp. 13-36). Auer.
10. Baddeley, A., Eysenck, A. W., & Anderson, M. C. (2009). Memory. Psychology Press.
11. Becirovic, S., Brdarevic-Celjo, A., & Dubravac, V. (2018). The effect of nationality, gender, and GPA on the use of reading strategies among EFL university students. SAGE Open, 8(4), 1-12. [DOI:10.1177/2158244018809286]
12. Bimmel, P. E., Van Den Bergh, H., & Oosten, R. J. (2001). Effects of strategy training on reading comprehension in first and foreign languages. European Journal of Psychology of Education, 16, 509-529. [DOI:10.1007/BF03173195]
13. Block, C. C., & Duffy, G. G. (2008). Research on teaching comprehension: Where we've been and where we're going. In C. C. Block, & S. R. Paris (Eds.), Solving problems in the teaching of literacy. Comprehension instruction: Research-based best practices (pp. 19-37). The Guilford Press.
14. Bowman, B., Donovan, M. S., & Burns, M. S. (2000). Eager to learn: Educating our preschoolers. Washington, US: National Academy Press.
15. Cambridge University Press (2019). A2 key for schools authentic practice tests 1. Cambridge University Press.
16. Cartwright, K. B., Marshall, T. R., & Wray, E. (2016). A longitudinal study of the role of reading motivation in primary students' reading comprehension: Implications for a less simple view of reading. Reading Psychology, 37(1), 55-91. [DOI:10.1080/02702711.2014.991481]
17. Cheng, Y. (2017). Development and preliminary validation of four brief measures of L2 language-skill-specific anxiety. System, 68, 15-25. [DOI:10.1016/j.system.2017.06.009]
18. Chinpakdee, M., & Gu, P. (2021). The impact of explicit strategy instruction on EFL secondary school learners' reading. Journal of Language Teaching Research, 1-24. [DOI:10.1177/1362168821994157]
19. Cho, Y., & Ma, J. (2020). The effects of schema activation and reading strategy use on L2 reading comprehension. English Teaching, 75(3), 49-68. doi: [DOI:10.15858/engtea.75.3.202009.49]
20. Chow, B., Mo, J., & Dong, Y. (2021). Roles of reading anxiety and working memory in reading comprehension in English as a second language. Learning and Individual Differences, 92(1). [DOI:10.1016/j.lindif.2021.102092]
21. Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences (2nd ed.). Hillside, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
22. Cohen, A. D. (2014). Strategies in learning and using a second language. Routledge. [DOI:10.4324/9781315833200]
23. Deshpande, S. (2016). Activating background knowledge: An effective strategy to develop reading comprehension skills. Journal of English Language Teaching and Linguistics, 1(3), 191-202. [DOI:10.21462/jeltl.v1i3.28]
24. Dhanapala, K. (2008). Motivation and L2 reading behaviors of university students in Japan and Sri Lanka. Journal of International Development and Cooperation, 14(1), 1-11. http://doi.org/10.15027/28495
25. Donahue, P. L., Daane, M. C., & Yin, Y. (2005). The nation's report card: Reading 2003. Governmental Printing Office (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. NCES 2004-453). [DOI:10.1037/e609922011-007]
26. Duffy, G. G. (2002). The case for direct explanation of strategies. In C. C. Block, M. Pressley (Eds.), Comprehension instruction: Research-based best practices (pp. 28-41). Guilford Press.
27. Duke, N., & Pearson, D. (2002). Effective practices for developing reading comprehension. In A. Farstrup, & S. Samuels (Eds.), What research has to say about reading instruction (pp. 205-242). International Reading Association. [DOI:10.1598/0872071774.10]
28. Drechsel, B., Breuning, K., Thurn, D., & Basten J. (2014). Learning to teach reading: A theory-practice approach to psychology teaching in university teacher education. Psychology Learning & Teaching, 13(3), 250-259. [DOI:10.2304/plat.2014.13.3.250]
29. Englert, C., & Mariage, T. (2020). Strategy instruction to support struggling readers in comprehending expository main ideas. Intervention in School and Clinic, 56(2), 74-83. [DOI:10.1177/1053451220914892]
30. Fu, Y., Chen, S., Wey, S., & Chen, S. (2014). The effects of reading strategy instruction via electronic storybooks on EFL young readers' reading performance. International Journal of Contemporary Educational Research, 1(1), 9-20.
31. Fuchs, L., Fuchs, D., & Maxwell, L. (1988). The validity of informal measures of reading comprehension. Remedial and Special Education, 9(2), 20-28. [DOI:10.1177/074193258800900206]
32. Fuchs, L., Fuchs, D., & Hosp, M. (2001). Oral reading fluency as an indicator of reading competence: A theoretical, empirical, and historical analysis. Scientific Studies of Reading, 5(3), 239-256. [DOI:10.1207/S1532799XSSR0503_3]
33. Gambrell, L., Palmer, B., Codling, R., & Mazzoni, S. (1996). Assessing motivation to read. The Reading Teacher, 49(7), 518-533. [DOI:10.1598/RT.49.7.2]
34. Graham, S., & Weiner, B. (2012). Motivation: Past, present, and future. In K. R. Harris, S. Graham, & T. Urdan (Eds.), APA educational psychology handbook: Theories, constructs, and critical issues (pp. 367-397). American Psychological Association. [DOI:10.1037/13273-013]
35. Griffiths, C., & Incecay, G. (2016). New directions in language learning strategy research: Engaging with the complexity of strategy use. In C. Gkonou, D. Tatzl, & S. Mercer (Eds.), New directions in language learning psychology (pp. 25-38). Springer. [DOI:10.1007/978-3-319-23491-5_3]
36. Gurses, M. O., & Bouvet, E. (2016). Investigating reading comprehension and learning styles in relation to reading strategies in L2. Reading in a Foreign Language, 28(1), 20-42.
37. Guskey, T. R. (2002). Professional development and teacher change. Teachers and Teaching. Theory and Practice, 8(3), 381-391. [DOI:10.1080/135406002100000512]
38. Guthrie, J. (2008). Engaging adolescents in reading. Corwin.
39. Guthrie, J., & Humenick, N. (2004). Motivating students to read: Evidence for classroom practices that increase reading motivation and achievement. In P. McCardle, & V. Chlabra (Eds.), The voice of evidence in reading research (pp. 329-354). Paul H. Brookes.
40. Guthrie, J., & Wigfield, A. (2000). Engagement and motivation in reading. In M. L. Kamil, P. B. Mosenthal, P. D. Pearson, & R. Barr (Eds.), Handbook of reading research (pp. 403-422). Erlbaum.
41. Guthrie, J., Wigfield, A., Metsala, J., & Cox, K. (1999). Motivational and cognitive predictors of text comprehension and reading amount. Scientific Studies of Reading, 3(3), 231-256. [DOI:10.1207/s1532799xssr0303_3]
42. Han, F. (2021). The relations between motivation, strategy use, frequency, and proficiency in foreign language reading: An investigation with university English language learners in China. Sage Open, 11(2), 1-12. [DOI:10.1177/21582440211008423]
43. Harvey, S., & Goudvis, A. (2007). Strategies that work: Teaching comprehension for understanding and engagement. Pembroke Publishers.
44. Hwang, H., & Duke, N. (2020). Content counts and motivation matters: Reading comprehension in third-grade students who are English learners. AERA Open, 6(1), 1-17. [DOI:10.1177/2332858419899075]
45. Jitendra, A. K., Burgess, C., & Gajria, M. (2011). Cognitive strategy instruction for improving expository text comprehension of students with learning disabilities: The quality of evidence. Exceptional Children, 77(2), 135-159. [DOI:10.1177/001440291107700201]
46. Kaban, A., & Karadeniz, S. (2021). Children's reading comprehension and motivation on screen versus on paper. SAGE Open, 11(1), 1-11. [DOI:10.1177/2158244020988849]
47. Kintsch, W. (2002). The role of knowledge in discourse comprehension. In G. Altman. (Ed.), Psycholinguistics: Critical concepts in psychology (pp. 349-413). Taylor & Francis.
48. Koch, H., & Sporer, N. (2017). Students improve in reading comprehension by learning how to teach reading strategies. An evidence-based approach for teacher education. Psychology Learning and Teaching, 16(2), 197-211. [DOI:10.1177/1475725717700525]
49. Koda, K. (2007). Reading and language learning: Crosslinguistic constraints on second language reading development. Language Learning, 57(1), 1-44. [DOI:10.1111/0023-8333.101997010-i1]
50. Lei, S., Bartlett, K., Gorney, S., & Herschbach, T. (2010). Resistance to reading compliance among college students: Instructors' perspectives. College Student Journal, 44(2), 219-229.
51. Li, J., Tong, F., Irby, B., Lara-Alecio, R., & Rivera, H. (2021). The effects of four instructional strategies on English learners' English reading comprehension: A meta-analysis. Language Teaching Research, 1-22. [DOI:10.1177/1362168821994133]
52. Magnusson, C., Roe, A., & Blikstad-Balas, M. (2018). To what extent and how are reading comprehension strategies part of language art instructions? A study of lower secondary classrooms. Reading Research Quarterly, 54(2), 187-212. [DOI:10.1002/rrq.231]
53. Malloy, J., Marinak, B., Gambrell, L., & Mazzoni, S. (2013). Assessing motivation to read: The motivation to read profile-revised. The Reading Teacher, 67(4), 273-282. [DOI:10.1002/trtr.1215]
54. McBreen, M., & Savage, R. (2020). The impact of a cognitive and motivational reading intervention on the reading achievement and motivation of students at-risk for reading difficulties. Learning Disability Quarterly, 1-13. [DOI:10.1177/0731948720958128]
55. McKenna, M. C., Conradi, K., Lawrence, C., Jang, B. G., & Meyer, J. P. (2012). Reading attitudes of middle school students: Results of a U.S. survey. Reading Research Quarterly, 47(3), 283-306. [DOI:10.1002/rrq.021]
56. Milliano, I., Gelderen, A., & Van Sleegers, P. (2016). Types and sequences of self-regulated reading of low-achieving adolescents in relation to reading task achievement. Journal of Research in Reading, 39(2), 229-252. [DOI:10.1111/1467-9817.12037]
57. Mokhtari, K., Sheorey, R., & Reichard, C. (2008). Measuring the reading strategies of first- and second-language readers. In K. Mokhtari, & R. Sheorey (Eds.), Reading strategies of first and second language learners (pp. 43-58). Christopher-Gordon.
58. Naeghel, J., Van Keer, H., Vansteenkiste, M., & Rosseel, Y. (2012). The relation between elementary students' recreational and academic reading motivation, reading frequency, engagement, and comprehension: A self-determination theory perspective. Journal of Educational Psychology, 104(4), 1006-1021. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/263924787_The_Relation_Between_Elementary_Students%27_Recreational_and_Academic_Reading_Motivation_Reading_Frequency_Engagement_and_Comprehension_A_Self-Determination_Theory_Perspective [DOI:10.1037/a0027800]
59. Nalliveettil, M. (2014). Assessing reading strategies of engineering students: Think aloud approach. English Language Teaching, 7(5), 38-49. doi:10.5539/elt.v7n5p38 [DOI:10.5539/elt.v7n5p38]
60. Oxford, R. (2017). Teaching and researching language learning strategies: Self-regulation in context. Routledge. [DOI:10.4324/9781315719146]
61. Pitcher, S., Albright, A., Delaney, C., & Walker, N. (2007). Assessing adolescents' motivation to read. Journal of Adolescent and Adult Literacy, 50(5), 378-396. doi:10.1598/JAAL.50.5.5 [DOI:10.1598/JAAL.50.5.5]
62. Poole, A. (2014). Successful and struggling students' use of reading strategies: The case of upperclassmen. The Learning Assistance Review, 19(2), 59-80.
63. Poole, A. (2019). Reading strategies and academic success: The case of first-semester college males. Journal of College Student Retention: Research, Theory, and Practice, 21(1), 2-20. [DOI:10.1177/1521025116685094]
64. Pressley, M. (2002). Metacognition and self-regulated comprehension. In A. Farstrup, & S. Samuels (Eds.), What research has to say about reading instruction (pp. 291-309). International Reading Association. [DOI:10.1598/0872071774.13]
65. Pressley, M., Gaskins, I., Solic, K., & Collins, S. (2006). A portrait of benchmark school: How a school produces high achievement in students who previously failed. Journal of Educational Psychology, 98(2), 282-306. [DOI:10.1037/0022-0663.98.2.282]
66. Quinn, S., & Karter, S. (1984). Team teaching: An alternative to lecture fatigue. Innovation Abstracts (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED 251159).
67. Qun, J., & Onwuegbuzie, A. (2003). Reading ability as a predictor of library anxiety. Library Review, 52(4), 159-169. [DOI:10.1108/00242530310470720]
68. Rajab, A., Zakaria, W., Rahman, H., Hosni, A., & Hassani, S. (2012). Reading anxiety among second language learners. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 66, 362-369. [DOI:10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.11.279]
69. Rao, Z., & Yu, H. (2019). Enhancing students' English proficiency by co-teaching between native and non-native teachers in an EFL context. Language Teaching Research, 25(5), 778-797. [DOI:10.1177/1362168819873937]
70. Saito, Y., Horwitz, E., & Garza, T. (1999). Foreign language reading anxiety. The Modern Language Journal, 83(2), 202-218. [DOI:10.1111/0026-7902.00016]
71. Shanahan, T., & Shanahan, C. (2012). What is disciplinary literacy and why does it matter? Topics in Language Disorders, 32(1), 7-18. doi: 10.1097/TLD.0b013e318244557a [DOI:10.1097/TLD.0b013e318244557a]
72. Shoerey, R., & Mokhtari, K. (2008). Introduction. In K. Mokhtari, & R. Shoerey (Eds.), Reading strategies of first and second language learners (pp. 1-10). Massachusetts, Christopher-Gordon.
73. Shonkoff, J. P., & Phillips, D. (2000). From neurons to neighborhood. National Academy Press.
74. Smith, R., Ralston, N., Naegele, Z., & Waggoner, J. (2020). Team teaching and learning: A model of effective professional development for teachers. The Professional Educator, 43(1), 80-90.
75. Snow, C. E., Griffin, P., & Burns, M. S. (2005). Knowledge to support the teaching reading. A model of professional growth in reading education. Jossey-Bass.
76. Strickland, D., & Shanahan, T. (2004). Laying the groundwork for literacy. Educational Leadership, 61(6), 74-77.
77. Taboada, A., Tonks, S. M., Wigfield, A., & Guthrie, J. T. (2009). Effects of motivational and cognitive variables on reading comprehension. Reading and Writing, 22(1), 85-106. [DOI:10.1007/s11145-008-9133-y]
78. Toste, J., Didion, L., Peng, P., Filderman, M., & McClelland, A. (2020). A meta-analytic review of the relations between motivation and reading achievement for K-12 students. Review of Educational Research, 90(3), 420-456. [DOI:10.3102/0034654320919352]
79. Urdan, T., & Schoenfelder, E. (2006). Classroom effects on student motivation: Goal structures, social relationships, and competence beliefs. Journal of School Psychology, 44(5), 331-349. [DOI:10.1016/j.jsp.2006.04.003]
80. Van Weijen, D., Tillema, M., & Bergh, H. (2012). Formulating activities in L1 and L2 and their relation with text quality. In M. Torrance, D. Alamargot, M. Castello, & et al. (Eds.), Learning to write effectively: Current trends in European research (pp. 183-186). Brill. [DOI:10.1163/9781780529295_041]
81. Wang, D. (2010). Team teaching and the application in the course English Teaching Methodology by CET and NSET in China. English Language Teaching, 3(1), 87-91. doi: 10.5539/elt.v3n1p87 [DOI:10.5539/elt.v3n1p87]
82. Wigfield, A., Gladstone, J., & Turci, L. (2016). Beyond cognition: Reading motivation and reading comprehension. Child Development Perspectives, 10(3), 190-195. doi: 10.1111/cdep.12184 [DOI:10.1111/cdep.12184]
83. Wigfield, A., & Tonks, S. (2004). The development of motivation for reading and how it is influenced by CORI. In J. T. Guthrie, A. Wigfield, & K. C. Perencevich (Eds.), Motivating reading comprehension: Concept-oriented reading instruction (pp. 249-272). Lawrence Erlbaum Associate. [DOI:10.4324/9781410610126]
84. Wood, E., Motz, M., & Willoughby, T. (1998). Examining students' retrospective memories of strategy development. Journal of Educational Psychology, 90(4), 698-704. [DOI:10.1037/0022-0663.90.4.698]
85. Yapp, D., Graaff, R., & Bergh, H. (2021a). Improving second language comprehension through reading strategies: A meta-analysis of L2 reading strategy interventions. Journal of Second Language Studies, 4(1), 154-192. doi: 10.1075/jsls.19013.yap [DOI:10.1075/jsls.19013.yap]
86. Yapp, D., Graaff, R., & Bergh, H. (2021b). Effects of reading strategy instruction in English as a second language on students' academic reading comprehension. Language Teaching Research, 1-24. [DOI:10.1177/1362168820985236]
87. Zaccoletti, S., Altoe, G., & Mason, L. (2020). Enjoyment, anxiety and boredom, and their control value antecedents as predictors of reading comprehension. Learning and Individual Differences, 79, 1-11. [DOI:10.1016/j.lindif.2020.101869]

Add your comments about this article : Your username or Email:
CAPTCHA

Send email to the article author


Rights and permissions
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

© 2024 CC BY-NC 4.0 | International Journal of Research in English Education

Designed & Developed by : Yektaweb