1. Abolhosseinzadeh Amini, M., & Kruger, C. (2022). The tole of Iranian EFL teacher autonomy and reflectivity in teacher self-directed learning: A systematic literature review. Iranian Journal of Language Teaching Research 10 (1), 101-126. doi: 10.30466/ijltr.2022.121124
2. Abolhosseinzadeh Amini, M., Kruger, C., & Nel, C. (2022). Developing and validating an instrument to measure EFL teachers' self-reported use of productive feedback. System, 110, 1-13. [
DOI:10.1016/j.system.2022.102919]
3. Al-Bashir, M., Kabir, R., & Rahman, I. (2016).The value and effectiveness of feedback in improving students' learning and professionalizing teaching in higher education. Journal of Education and Practice, 7 (16), 38-41.
4. Akmilia, T., Purnawarman, P., & Rodliyah, R. (2017). Self-directed feedback: An attempt towards learner autonomy in writing. Indonesian EFL Journal, 1 (48),48-57. doi: 10.25134/ieflj.v1i1.613 [
DOI:10.25134/ieflj.v1i1.613]
5. Almusharraf, N. (2020). Teachers' perspectives on promoting learner autonomy for vocabulary development: A case study, Cogent Education, 7(1), 1-23. doi: 10.1080/2331186X.2020.1823154 [
DOI:10.1080/2331186X.2020.1823154]
6. Anches Holzweber, M. A. (2019). Self-directedlearning and E-learning as triggers for higher student motivation in EFL courses in tertiary education. Journal of Applied Languages and Linguistics, 3 (3), 68-79. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/344441176_Self-Directed-Learning_and_E-Learning_as_Triggers_for_Higher_Student_Motivation_in_EFL_Courses_in_Tertiary_Education
7. Banaruee, H., Khatin-Zadeh, O., & Ruegg, R. (2018). Recasts vs. direct corrective feedback on writing performance of high school EFL learners. Cogent Education, 5(1), 1-23. [
DOI:10.1080/2331186X.2018.1455333]
8. Beiki, M., Raissi, R., & Gharagozloo, N. (2020) The differences between Iranian EFL teachers' perceptions and their instructional practices regarding the cooperative learning, Cogent Arts & Humanities, 7(1), 1-30. doi: 10.1080/23311983.2020.1847420 [
DOI:10.1080/23311983.2020.1847420]
9. Blazar, D., & Kraft, M. A. (2017). Teacher and teaching effects on students' attitudes and behaviors. Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis, 39(1), 146-170. [
DOI:10.3102/0162373716670260]
10. Bouchard, P. (2012). Self-directed Learning and Learner Autonomy. In: Seel, N.M. (eds) Encyclopedia of the Sciences of Learning. Springer, Boston, MA. [
DOI:10.1007/978-1-4419-1428-6_1781]
11. Boud, D., & Molloy, E. (2013a). Rethinking models of feedback for learning: The challenge of design. Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education, 38, 698-712. [
DOI:10.1080/02602938.2012.691462]
12. Boud, D., & Molloy, E. (2013b). What is the problem with feedback? In D. Boud & E. Molloy (Eds.), Feedback in higher and professional education: Understanding it and doing it well (pp. 1-10). London: Routledge. [
DOI:10.4324/9780203074336]
13. Brookhart, S. M. (2017). How to give effective feedback to your students (2nd ed.). Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development (ASCD).
14. Bruner, J. S. (1966). Toward a theory of instruction. Cambridge, MA: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press.
15. Carless, D. (2015). Excellence in university assessment: Learning from award-winning practice. Routledge. [
DOI:10.4324/9781315740621]
16. Carless, D., & Boud, D. (2018) The development of student feedback literacy: enabling uptake of feedback. Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education, 43(8), 1315-1325. doi: 10.1080/02602938.2018.1463354 [
DOI:10.1080/02602938.2018.1463354]
17. Chong, S. W., & Reinders, H. (2022). Autonomy of English language learners: A scoping review of research and practice. Language Teaching Research. [
DOI:10.1177/13621688221075812]
18. Corden, A., & Sainsbury, R. (2006). Exploring 'quality: research participants' perspectives on verbatim quotations'. International Journal of Social Research Methodology, 9(2), 97-110. [
DOI:10.1080/13645570600595264]
19. Creswell, J. W., & Creswell, J. D. (Eds.). (2018). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches (5th ed.). Sage Publications.
20. Cui, Y., Schunn, C. D., Gai, X., Jiang, Y., & Wang, Z. (2021). Effects of trained peer vs. teacher feedback on EFL students' writing performance, self-efficacy, and internalization of motivation. Frontiers in Psychology, 12:788474. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.788474 [
DOI:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.788474]
21. Derakhshan, A., & Karimian Shirejini, R. (2020). An investigation of the Iranian EFL learners' perceptions towards the most common writing problems. Sage Open, 10(2),1-10. [
DOI:10.1177/2158244020919523]
22. Doody, O., & Noonan, M. (2013). Preparing and conducting interviews to collect data. Nurse Researcher 20(5), 28-32. doi:10.7748/nr2013.05.20.5.28.e327 [
DOI:10.7748/nr2013.05.20.5.28.e327]
23. Elo, S., Kääriäinen, M., Kanste, O., Pölkki, T., Utriainen, K., & Kyngäs, H. (2014). Qualitative content analysis: A focus on trustworthiness. Sage Open, 4(1), 1-10. doi: 10.1177/2158244014522633 [
DOI:10.1177/2158244014522633]
24. Elo, S., & Kyngäs, H. (2008). The qualitative content analysis process. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 62 (1), 107-115. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2648.2007.04569.x [
DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2648.2007.04569.x]
25. Erlingsson, C., & Brysiewicz, P. (2017). A hands-on guide to doing content analysis. African Journal of Emergency Medicine: Revue Africaine de la Medecine D'urgence, 7(3), 93-99. [
DOI:10.1016/j.afjem.2017.08.001]
26. Esterhazy, R., Nerland, M., & Damşa, C. (2021). Designing for productive feedback: An analysis of two undergraduate courses in biology and engineering. Teaching in Higher Education, 26(6), 806-822. [
DOI:10.1080/13562517.2019.1686699]
27. Farahani, M. (2014). From spoon feeding to self-feeding: Are Iranian EFL learners ready to take charge of their own learning? Electronic Journal of Foreign Language Teaching, 11(1), 98-115. https://e-flt.nus.edu.sg/wp-content/uploads/farahani.pdf
28. Ghaith, G. (2018). Teacher perceptions of the challenges of implementing concrete and conceptual cooperative learning. Issues in Educational Research, 28(2), 385-404. [
DOI:10.13140/RG.2.2.32014.66888]
29. Hashemi Moghadam, H., Adel, S. M. R., Ghaniabadi, S., & Amirian, S. M. R. (2019). A Bourdieusian analysis of the educational field and professional identity of EFL teachers: A hermeneutic phenomenological analysis. Qualitative Research Journal, 19(2), 156-170. doi:10.1108/QRJ-12-2018-0002 [
DOI:10.1108/QRJ-12-2018-0002]
30. Hattie, J., & Timperley, H. (2007). The power of feedback. Review of Educational Research, 77(1), 81-112.
7 [
DOI:10.3102/00346543029848]
31. Hauk, D., & Gröschner, A. (2022).How effective is learner-controlled instruction under classroom conditions?A systematic review. Learning, and Motivation, 80, 101850.
0 [
DOI:10.1016/j.lmot.2022.10185]
32. Henderson, M., Phillips, M., Ryan, T., Boud, D., Dawson, P., Molloy, E., & Mahoney, P. (2019). Conditions that enable effective feedback. Higher Education Research & Development, 38(7), 1401-1416. [
DOI:10.1080/07294360.2019.1657807]
33. Horwitz, E. K., Horwitz, M. B., & Cope, J. (1986). Foreign language classroom anxiety. The Modern Language Journal, 7 (2), 125-132. doi:10.1111/j.1540-4781.1986.tb05256.x [
DOI:10.1111/j.1540-4781.1986.tb05256.x]
34. Jonsson, A. (2012). Facilitating productive use of feedback in higher education. Active Learning in Higher Education, 14(1), 63-76. [
DOI:10.1177/1469787412467125]
35. Kerr, R. (2020). Giving feedback to language learners. Part of the Cambridge papers in ELT series. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
36. Khalid, M., Bashir, S., & Amin, H. (2020). Relationship between self-directed learning (SDL) and academic achievement of university students: A case of online distance learning and traditional universities. Bulletin of Education and Research, 42(2), 131-148. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1281053.pdf
37. Kiany, G., & Shayestefar, P. (2010). High school students' perceptions of EFL teacher control orientations and their English academic achievement. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 81(3), 491- 508. [
DOI:10.1348/000709910X522177]
38. Kim, E. J., & Lee, K. R. (2019). Effects of an examiner's positive and negative feedback on self-assessment of skill performance, emotional response, and self-efficacy in Korea: A quasi-experimental study. BMC Medical Education, 19(142), 1-7. [
DOI:10.1186/s12909-019-1595-x]
39. Kirchherr, J., & Charles, K. (2018). Enhancing the sample diversity of snowball samples: Recommendations from a research project on anti-dam movements in Southeast Asia. PloS one, 13(8), e0201710. [
DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0201710]
40. Knowles, M. (1975). Self-directed learning: A guide for learners and teachers. Follett Publishing Company.
41. Korstjens, I., & Moser, A. (2018). Series: Practical guidance to qualitative research. Part 4: Trustworthiness and publishing. European Journal of General Practice, 24(1), 120-124. [
DOI:10.1080/13814788.2017.1375092]
42. Lincoln, Y. S., & Guba, E. G. (1985). Naturalistic inquiry. In N. J. Salkind (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Research Design. Sage Publications.
https://doi.org/10.4135/9781412961288.n262 [
DOI:https://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781412961288.n262]
43. Little, D. (1995). Learning as dialogue: The dependence of learner autonomy on teacher autonomy. System 23(2), 175-182.
https://doi.org/10.1016/0346-251X(95)00006-6 [
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/0346-251X(95)00006-6]
44. Loeng, S. (2020).Self-directed learning: A core concept in adult education. Education Research International, 2020, 1-12. [
DOI:10.1155/2020/3816132]
45. Majedi, N. & Pishkar, K. (2016). The effect of self-directed learning on Iranian intermediate EFL learners' speaking accuracy. Journal of Applied Linguistics and Language Research, 3(2), 86-95.
46. McMillan, J. H. (2018). Classroom assessment: Principles and practice that enhance student learning and motivation (7th ed.). Pearson.
47. Merriam, S. B., & Bierema, L. L. (2014). Adult learning: Linking theory with practice. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
48. Merriam, S. B., & Tisdell, E. J. (2016). Qualitative research: A guide to design and implementation (4th ed.). Jossey-Bass.
49. Mitchell, M., & Jolley, J. (2012). Research design explained (8th ed.). Wadsworth Publishing
50. Mohamad Nasri, N., Nasri, N., & Asyraf Abd Talib, M. (2022). The unsung role of assessment and feedback in self-directed learning (SDL), Journal of Further and Higher Education, 46 (2), 185-197. doi: 10.1080/0309877X.2021.1900552 [
DOI:10.1080/0309877X.2021.1900552]
51. Mohammadian Haghighi, F., & Norton, B. (2017). The role of English language institutes in Iran. TESOL Quarterly, 51(2), 428-438.
https://doi.org/10.1002/tesq.338 [
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1002/tesq.338]
52. Morris, T. H., Bremner, N., & Sakata, N. (2023). Self-directed learning and student-centered learning: a conceptual comparison. Pedagogy, Culture & Society, 1-20. [
DOI:10.1080/14681366.2023.2282439]
53. Muñoz, L. B., & Jojoa, S. T. (2014). How setting Goals enhances learners' self-efficacy beliefs in listening perception. HOW, A Colombian Journal for Teachers of English, 21(1), 42-61.
https://doi.org/10.19183/how.21.1.14 [
DOI:https://doi.org/10.19183/how.21.1.14]
54. Muthusamy, P., & Farashaiyan, A. (2016). How Iranian instructors teach L2 pragmatics in their classroom practices? A mixed-methods approach. English Language Teaching, 9(5), 166-178. [
DOI:10.5539/elt.v9n5p166]
55. Namaziandost, E., Heydarnejad, T., & Rezai, A. (2024). A voyage of discovering the impacts of teacher immunity and emotion regulation on professional identity, autonomy, and work motivation in Iranian EFL landscape. BMC Psychology, 12(43), 1-15. [
DOI:10.1186/s40359-024-01544-9]
56. Nicol, D. J., & Macfarlane-Dick, D. (2006). Formative assessment and self‐regulated learning: A model and seven principles of good feedback practice. Studies in Higher Education, 31(2), 199-218. [
DOI:10.1080/03075070600572090]
57. Ostovar-Namaghi, S. A. (2017). Language teachers' evaluation of curriculum change: A qualitative study. The Qualitative Report, 22(2), 391-409. [
DOI:10.46743/2160-3715/2017.2538]
58. Oxford, R. L. (2016). Toward a psychology of well-being for languages learners: The "EMPATHICS" vision. In P. MacIntyre, T. Gregersen, & S. Mercer (Eds.), Positive psychology in second language acquisition (pp.10-87). Bristol, UK: Multilingual Matters. [
DOI:10.21832/9781783095360-003]
59. Oxford, R. L. (2017). Teaching and researching language learning strategies: Self-regulation in context (2nd ed.) New York: Routledge.
60. Paris, B. M. (2022). Instructors' perspectives of challenges and barriers to providing effective feedback. University of Calgary and Capilano University. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1340442.pdf [
DOI:10.20343/teachlearninqu.10.3]
61. Parker, G. (2015). Teachers' autonomy. Research in Education, 93(1), 19-33.
https://doi.org/10.7227/RIE.0008 [
DOI:https://doi.org/10.7227%2FRIE.0008]
62. Piaget, J. (1973). To understand is to invent: The future of education. Grossman Publishers.
63. Rachel, J., Xiaoyin, J., & Bean, S. M. (2019). Giving and receiving effective feedback: A review article and how-to guide. ARCHIVES of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, 143(2), 244-250. [
DOI:10.5858/arpa.2018-0058-RA]
64. Rahimi, M., & Alavi, J. (2017). The role of teaching experience in language teachers' perceptions of a top-down curriculum change. The Curriculum Journal, 28(4), 479-503. doi:10.1080/09585176.2017.1344134 [
DOI:10.1080/09585176.2017.1344134]
65. Rassouli, A., & Osam, N. (2019). English language education throughout Islamic Republic Reign in Iran: Government policies and people's attitudes. SAGE Open, 9(2), 1-11. [
DOI:10.1177/2158244019858435]
66. Hua, M., Wang, L., & Li, J. (2024). The impact of self-directed learning experience and course experience on learning satisfaction of university students in blended learning environments: The mediating role of deep and surface learning approach. Frontiers in Psychology, 14, 1278827. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1278827 [
DOI:10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1278827]
67. Ryan, F., Coughlan, M., & Cronin, P. (2007). Step-by-step guide to critiquing research. Part 2: Qualitative research. British Journal of Nursing, 16(12), 738-744.
https://doi.org/10.12968/bjon.2007.16.12.23726 [
DOI:https://doi.org/10.12968/bjon.2007.16.12.23726]
68. Sadeghi, K., & Richards, J. C. (2015). Teaching spoken English in Iran's private language schools: Issues and options. English Teaching: Practice & Critique, 14(2), 210-234.
https://doi.org/10.1108/ETPC-03-2015-0019 [
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1108/ETPC-03-2015-0019]
69. Safari, P., & Rashidi, N. (2015). Teacher education beyond transmission: Challenges and opportunities for Iranian teachers of English. Issues in Educational Research, 25(2), 187-203. [
DOI:http://www.iier.org.au/iier25/safari.pdf]
70. Satake, Y. (2024). The effects of teacher, peer, and self-feedback on error correction with corpus use. Applied Corpus Linguistics, 4(3), 1-8. [
DOI:10.1016/j.acorp.2024.100114]
71. Schreier, M. (2012). Qualitative content analysis in practice. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. [
DOI:10.4135/9781529682571]
72. Singh Negi, J., & Laudari, S. (2022). Challenges of developing learner autonomy of English as foreign language (EFL) learners in underprivileged areas. International Journal of Research in English Education, 7(2), 65-80. https://ijreeonline.com/files/site1/user_files_68bcd6/sumanlaudari-A-10-1003-1-22dfdce.pdf [
DOI:10.52547/ijree.7.2.65]
73. Soruç, A., Yuksel, D., McKinley, J., & Grimshaw, T. (2024). Factors influencing EFL teachers' provision of oral corrective feedback: the role of teaching experience. The Language Learning Journal, 1-16. [
DOI:10.1080/09571736.2024.2338346]
74. Tasdemir, M. S., & Arslan, F. Y. (2018) Feedback preferences of EFL learners with respect to their learning styles. Cogent Education, 5(1), 1-17. doi: 10.1080/2331186X.2018.1481560 [
DOI:10.1080/2331186X.2018.1481560]
75. Tian, T. (2022). A Review of the Impact of EFL Teachers' Affectivity and Surgency and Learners' Shyness on Their Language Attainment. Frontiers in Psychology, 13(916432). doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.916432 [
DOI:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.916432]
76. Van Blankenstein, F. M., Dirkx, K. J. H., & de Bruycker, N. M. F. (2024). Ask your peer! How requests for peer feedback affect peer feedback responses. Educational Research and Evaluation, 1-22. [
DOI:10.1080/13803611.2024.2376832]
77. Van den Bergh, L., Ros, A., & Beijaard, D. (2013). Teacher feedback during active learning: Current practices in primary schools. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 83(2), 341-362.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8279.2012.02073.x [
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8279.2012.02073.x]
78. Vygotsky, L. S. (1978). Mind and society: The development of higher psychological processes. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
79. Voskamp, A., Kuiper, E., & Volman, M. (2020). Teaching practices for self-directed and self-regulated learning: Case studies in Dutch innovative secondary schools. Educational Studies, 48(6), 772-789.
https://doi.org/10.1080/03055698.2020.1814699 [
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1080/03055698.2020.1814699]
80. Wang, B., Yu, S., & Teo, T. (2018). Experienced EFL teachers' beliefs about feedback on student oral presentations. Asian-Pacific Journal of Second and Foreign Language Education, 3(12), 1-13. [
DOI:10.1186/s40862-018-0053-3]
81. Wasik, B. A., & Hindman, A. H. (2018). Why wait? The importance of wait time in developing young students' language and vocabulary skills. The Reading Teacher, 72(3), 369-378. [
DOI:10.1002/trtr.1730]
82. William, D. (2016). The secret of effective feedback. Educational Leadership, 73(7), 10-15. https://www.ascd.org/el/articles/the-secret-of-effective-feedback
83. Wiggins, G. (2012). Seven keys to effective feedback. Educational Leadership, 70(1), 10-16. https://pdo.ascd.org/lmscourses/PD13OC005/media/FormativeAssessmentandCCSwithELALi teracyMod_3-Reading2.pdf
84. Yang, L., Ming Chiu, M., & Yan, Z. (2021). The power of teacher feedback in affecting student learning and achievement: insights from students' perspective. Educational Psychology, 41(7), 821-824. doi: 10.1080/01443410.2021.1964855 [
DOI:10.1080/01443410.2021.1964855]
85. Zarei, L., Bagheri, M. S., & Sadighi, F. (2021). An investigation of Iranian EFL learner accountability: A demand for learner accountability. Cogent Arts & Humanities, 8, 1-27. [
DOI:10.1080/23311983.2020.1870066]
86. Zhai, K., & Gao, X. (2018). Effects of corrective feedback on EFL speaking task complexity in China's university classroom. Cogent Education, 5, 1-13. [
DOI:10.1080/2331186X.2018.1485472]
87. Zhang, Y., & Wildemuth, B. M. (2009). Qualitative analysis of content. In B. M. Wildemuth (Ed.), Applications of social research methods to questions in information and library science (pp. 308-319). Library Unlimited.
88. Zimmerman, B. J. (2000). Attainment of self-regulation: A social cognitive perspective. In M. Boekaerts, P. R. Pintrich, & M. Zeidner (Eds.), Handbook of self4-regulation (pp. 13-39). Academic Press. doi:
https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-012109890-2/50031-7 [
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-012109890-2/50031-7]