Volume 10, Issue 4 (12-2025)                   IJREE 2025, 10(4): 1-15 | Back to browse issues page

XML Print


Download citation:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:

Baniasad-Azad S. (2025). Iranian EFL Teachers’ Perceptions of Critical Friends Groups: Insights from a Qualitative Study. IJREE. 10(4),
URL: http://ijreeonline.com/article-1-991-en.html
Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman
Abstract:   (11 Views)
Despite the documented benefits of Critical Friends Groups (CFGs) in various educational contexts, their application within the Iranian EFL system, characterized by top-down policies and limited teacher autonomy, remains underexplored. This study explores Iranian English teachers’ perceptions of CFGs as a collaborative professional development model. Situated within a larger research project on CFG implementation, this paper specifically reports the findings from semi-structured interviews with ten junior high school EFL teachers who participated in CFG sessions. Thematic analysis of interview data reveals that teachers generally viewed CFGs as a valuable space for professional dialogue, mutual support, and reflective practice. Participants highlighted the benefits of structured peer feedback, increased collegiality, and the opportunity to discuss classroom challenges in a non-evaluative environment. However, some expressed concerns about time constraints, varying levels of engagement, and the need for clearer facilitation. These insights contribute to the growing body of research on collaborative teacher development in EFL settings and offer practical implications for designing effective professional learning communities in centralized educational systems
Full-Text [PDF 512 kb]   (6 Downloads)    
Type of Study: Research | Subject: Special

References
1. Ary, D., Jacobs, L. C., & Sorensen, C. (2010). Introduction to research on education. Wadsworth.
2. Atai, M. R., & Mazlum, F. (2013). English language teaching curriculum in Iran: Planning and practice. The Curriculum Journal, 24(3), 389-411. doi: http://doi.org/ 10.1080/09585176.2012.744327 [DOI:10.1080/09585176.2012.744327]
3. Baniasad-Azad, S., Tavakoli, M., & Ketabi, S. (2016). EFL teacher education programs in Iran: The absence of teachers' involvement. Iranian Journal of Applied Linguistics, 19(2), 61-86. http://ijal.khu.ac.ir/article-1-2728-en.html [DOI:10.29252/ijal.19.2.61]
4. Baniasad-Azad, S., Tavakoli, M., & Ketabi, S. (2017). Teachers' reflections on the practicality of English in-service courses in Iran. 3L: The Southeast Asian Journal of English Language Studies, 23(3), 97 - 107. http://doi.org/10.17576/3L-2017-2303-07 [DOI:10.17576/3L-2017-2303-07]
5. Bell, B., & Gilbert, J. (1994). Teacher development as professional, personal, and social development. Teaching and Teacher Education, 10, 483-497. [DOI:10.1016/0742-051X(94)90002-7]
6. Burns, A., & Richards, J. C. (2009). The Cambridge guide to second language teacher education. Cambridge University Press. [DOI:10.1017/9781139042710]
7. Chien, C. W. (2023). Novice elementary school English teachers' practice of critical friends as their professional learning. Journal of Education for Teaching, 50(1), 76-89. [DOI:10.1080/02607476.2023.2242293]
8. Curry, M. (2008). Critical friends groups: The possibilities and limitations embedded in teacher professional communities aimed at instructional improvement and school reform. Teachers College Record, 110(4), 733-774. 01 [DOI:10.1177/0161468108110004]
9. Denzin, N.K., & Lincoln, Y.S. (2005). Handbook of qualitative research. SAGE Publications.
10. Dunne, F., Nave, B., & Lewis, A. (2000). Critical friends: Teachers helping to improve student learning. Phi Delta Kappa International Research Bulletin, 28, 9-12.
11. Fahey, K. M. (2011). Still learning about leading: A leadership critical friends group. Journal of Research on Leadership Education, 6(1), 1-35. 01 [DOI:10.1177/1942775111006001]
12. Hanks, J. I. (2017). Exploratory practice in language teaching: Puzzling about principles and practices. Palgrave Macmillan. [DOI:10.1057/978-1-137-45344-0]
13. Harrington, C. D. (2009). Critical Friends Group: Effect on teacher practice and collaboration. Unpublished MA thesis, University of North Carolina, Wilmington. USA.
14. Johnson, K. E. (2009). Second language teacher education: A sociocultural perspective. Taylor & Francis. [DOI:10.4324/9780203878033]
15. Johnson, K. E., & Golombek, P. R. (2011). Research on second language teacher education: A sociocultural perspective on professional development. Taylor & Francis.
16. Kelley, M., Curtis, G. A., Craig, C. J., Reid, D., & Easley, A. (2022). Reflection through critical friendship: Promoting growth of teachers. Front. Educ. 7, 1056471. https://doi:10.3389/feduc.2022.1056471 [DOI:10.3389/feduc.2022.1056471]
17. Kiany, G., Mirhosseini, A., & Navidinia, H. (2011). Foreign language education policies in Iran: Pivotal macro considerations. Journal of English Language Teaching and Learning, 53 (222), 49-70. https://elt.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_633.html
18. Lantolf, J. (2000). Introducing sociocultural theory. In Lantolf, J. (eds.), Sociocultural theory and second language acquisition. Oxford University Press.
19. Mat Noor, M. S. A., & Shafee, A. (2020). The role of critical friends in action research: A framework for design and implementation. Practitioner Research, 3, 1-33. [DOI:10.32890/pr2021.3.1]
20. Merrell, A. (2024). Building collaboration and enhancing student outcomes through a critical friends group (Doctoral dissertation, Northeastern University).
21. Miles, M. B., & Huberman, A. M. (1994). Qualitative data analysis. SAGE Publications.
22. Mohammadi, S., Karimian, Z., & Talebinejad, M. (2015). Iranian EFL teachers' attitudes towards in-service professional development programs. Journal of Applied Linguistics and Language Research, 2(3), 48-60. https://www.jallr.com/index.php/JALLR/article/view/41
23. Moore, J. A., & Carter-Hicks, J. C. (2014). Let's talk! Facilitating a faculty learning community using a Critical Friends Group approach. International Journal for the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning, 8(2), Available at: http://digitalcommons.georgiasouthern.edu/ij-sotl/vol8/iss2/9 [DOI:10.20429/ijsotl.2014.080209]
24. Nolan, J., & Hoover, L (2004). Teacher supervision and evaluation. John Wiley & Sons Inc.
25. Phan, Q. N., & Loan, N. T. T. (2021). Collaborative inquiries into teaching English practical skills via a critical friends group. Hue University Journal of Science: Social Sciences and Humanities, 130(6D), 25-38. [DOI:10.26459/hueunijssh.v130i6D.6398]
26. Poehner, P. (2011). Teacher learning through critical friends groups: Recontextualizing professional development in a K-5 school. In K.E Johnson & P.R. Golombek, Research on second language teacher education: A sociocultural perspective on professional development (pp. 189-2-4). Taylor & Francis.
27. Richardson, V. (1997). Constructivist teaching and teacher education: Theory and practice. In V. Richardson, Constructivist teacher education: Building new understandings (pp.3-15). The Falmer Press.
28. Stolle, P., Frambaugh-Kritzer, E., Freese, A., & Persson, A. (2019). Investigating critical friendship: Peeling back the layers. Studying Teacher Education, 15(1), 19-30. https://edtechbooks.org/-ZoB [DOI:10.1080/17425964.2019.1580010]
29. Tedick, D. J. (2005). Second language teacher education: International perspectives. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers.
30. Toland, S. H., Quiring, S., & O'Connor, J. (2024). Reflections from an online interdisciplinary critical friends group. The IUK Journal of Intercultural Studies, 25(1), 1-19.
31. Vo, L. T., & Nguyen, H. T. M (2010). Critical friends group for EFL teacher professional development. ELT Journal 64 (2), 205-213. [DOI:10.1093/elt/ccp025]
32. Vygotsky, L. (1978). Mind in society: The development of higher psychological processes. Harvard University Press. [DOI:10.2307/j.ctvjf9vz4]
33. Warford, M. K. (2011). The zone of proximal teacher development. Teaching and Teacher Education 27, 252-258. [DOI:10.1016/j.tate.2010.08.008]
34. Wells, G. (1999). Dialogic inquiry: Toward a sociocultural practice and theory of education. Cambridge University Press. [DOI:10.1017/CBO9780511605895]
35. Woods, P. (1993). Critical events in teaching and learning. Falmer Press.

Add your comments about this article : Your username or Email:
CAPTCHA

Send email to the article author


Rights and permissions
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0)